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(John) Jack Murphy (1920 – 11 July 1984) was an Irish politician and the first unemployed person ever elected to a national legislature.〔''The man in the black beret leads the battle for Éire's workless'', Andrew Boyd (1957)〕 He was elected to Dáil Éireann as an independent Teachta Dála (TD) at the 1957 general election for the Dublin South–Central constituency.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mr. John Murphy )〕 Murphy was a former member of the Irish Republican Army who had been interned in the 1940s.〔Joe King, ("When the unemployed elected their own TD" ), ''Workers Solidarity'' 33 (1991)〕 At the time of his election, he was an unemployed carpenter.〔〔 He was the candidate of the Unemployed Protest Committee (UPC), which had been formed on 12 January 1957.〔 He resigned his seat on 13 May 1958 in protest at the indifference of the main political parties to the plight of the unemployed. After his resignation he subsequently emigrated with his family to Canada〔 but returned to Ireland in 1964. He died on 11 July 1984. == Early years == Jack Murphy was born in 1920 at the back of Synge Street, Dublin. He was the second youngest son of a carpenter and had five brothers and five sisters. His father, a well-known athlete who won the all-Ireland walking championship in 1903, was active in the republican movement and was a founder-member of the National Union of Woodworkers.〔''Who Is Jack Murphy?'', Martin Mooney (The Irish Democrat, April 1957)〕 Murphy joined Fianna Éireann at the age of 10. Up to the age of 14 he attended St Mary's National School, Rathmines, and then started work as an apprentice carpenter, while attending Bolton Street Technical College, now Dublin Institute of Technology in the evenings. He became a member of the Irish Republican Army at 16. He was also an active trade union member from an early age as demonstrated when, as a carpenters apprentice, he became one of the leaders of a strike on the River Liffey Reservoir Scheme (popularly known as the Poulaphouca Scheme). The strike lasted several months until only three of the original committee remained, with Murphy being one of them.〔 Arrested in 1941 by the Fianna Fáil Government, he was interned with a number of other republicans in the Curragh until the end of the The Emergency in 1945. These four years afforded him time to study, broadening his interest and outlook. A fluent Irish speaker, he was interviewed in Irish for his entry into the National College of Art and Design after his release from the Curragh. In the Mansion House Exhibition of 1950 he won an arts and crafts certificate for his leather and craftwork.〔 He returned to his trade of carpentry where he was quickly re-elected shop steward after he took a leading part in several actions and strikes for better conditions, most notably the strike to end the campaign of sackings by employers which took place in 1953. However, in 1956, during which record unemployed figures were reached in Ireland,〔''A Story of Victory'', Samuel Nolan (The Irish Democrat, April 1957)〕 he found himself one of the many thousands out of work.〔 He emigrated to England, but returned after four months as he missed his family. He later said:
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